您的位置: 首页 » 法律资料网 » 法律法规 »

商业部关于下达商业系统推行商品保本保利期管理试行办法》的通知

时间:2024-07-22 10:03:09 来源: 法律资料网 作者:法律资料网 阅读:8047
下载地址: 点击此处下载

商业部关于下达商业系统推行商品保本保利期管理试行办法》的通知

商业部


商业部关于下达商业系统推行商品保本保利期管理试行办法》的通知

1987年4月18日,商业部
为了认真贯彻国务院关于开展增产节约、增收节支运动的部署和《关于深化企业改革增强企业活力的若干规定》,我部拟定了《商业系统推行商品保本保利期管理试行办法》,现随文下达,请部署执行。
全国商业厅局长会议决定,从一九八七年起,在商业批发和大、中型零售企业试行商品保本保利期管理。请你们先在百货、纺织、五交化等工业品和副食品批发企业,省会所在地的大、中型零售企业选点试行,试行一批,巩固一批。各级饮食服务企业所属商店,如何试点,可自行安排。一九八七年底,各地要对试点情况进行总结;一九八八年,要在试点的基础上,在商业系统工业品批发企业和大、中型零售企业分期分批地实行。
本办法是根据国营商业的情况制定的,供销合作社可参照执行。
请你们将部署和试行情况随时报部。

商业系统推行商品保本保利期管理试行办法
一、推行的目的和意义
随着商品流通体制改革的深入发展,初步形成了多种经济成份、多条流通渠道、多种经营形式,出现了跨行业、跨地区的横向经济联合等新型商业形式。为了适应形势发展的需要,必须强化国营商业企业的管理,提高经营管理水平和服务质量,提高竞争能力,提高企业经济效益。
近几年来,随着经营责任制的推行,一些企业为强化经营管理,对商品实行了保本保利期管理办法。实践证明,这一办法有利于增强计划性,克服经营盲目性;有利于改善库存商品结构,提高库存商品结构合理率;有利于促进企业管理的思想、观念、方法的转变,即促进企业不仅注重实物(使用价值)管理,同时也注重价值管理,由单纯的经验管理向更高层次的科学管理的转化;由具体的定性分析向定量分析的转化;由事后分析向事前预测的转化;由静态管理向动态管理的转化。有利于提高经营管理水平,提高经济效益。国务院决定,一九八七年,在全国范围内,在各行各业中,开展增产节约、增收节支运动;同时,要继续深化改革。商业企业要通过增产节约、增收节支运动和深化企业改革,改善企业内部经营机制,加强使用价值和价值的管理,挖掘企业内部潜力,向管理要效益。推行商品保本保利期管理,是贯彻增产节约、增收节支运动的一项具体措施,是深化企业改革的需要,也是企业现代化管理的需要。
二、适用范围、基本内容和做法
本办法适用于工业品批发企业和大中型零售企业。
商品保本保利期管理办法,是运用管理会计中量、本、利分析和目标管理的原理,结合我国商业企业的具体情况,从经营商品盈亏的角度,对商品的保本保利储存期限进行预测,并在预测的基础上,对商品的购、销、存全过程进行系统地价值管理的一种方法。
所谓商品保本期,是指商品从购进到销售出去,不至于发生亏损的最长储存期限;所谓商品保利期,是指商品从购进到销售出去,能够实现目标经营利润的最长储存期限。商品在保利期内销售出去便能实现目标经营利润;虽超过保利期,但在保本期内销售出去,仍能实现一定的经营利润;在保本期截止日销售出去的没有利润,但还能够保本;超过保本期销售出去就要发生亏损,超过的时间越长,亏损也就越多。
商品保本保利期管理的基本做法,包括对商品保本保利储存期限的预测、记载反映、考核反馈、企业内部各有关部门对测算资料的运用以及对商品的科学管理。
(一)预测商品保本保利储存期限
1.预测的原则。企业从经营盈亏角度预测商品保本保利的储存期限,这是实行本办法的前提。商业批发企业和大、中型零售企业都经营着几千几万种商品,根据企业目前的实际情况,对所有商品进行逐个品种预测较难做到,应本着由粗到细,由少到多,由浅入深的原则,运用A、B、C分类管理即重点管理法,确定哪些商品要逐个按品种预测,哪些可以按综合周转次数预测,哪些商品可以不必预测(例如国家储备的商品),经营不同商品的企业,从国家政策和管理的需要出发,可以根据本企业的具体情况确定。
2.预测的方法。商品保本保利储存期限是用天数表示。商品保本期天数的基本预测方法,是以某种商品的进销差价(即毛利),减掉该种商品从购进到销售出去应向国家缴纳的营业税金,再减掉应开支的固定费用(包括购进该种商品时支出的运杂费和在商品管理过程中应摊入的经营管理费等,称固定费用)后的毛利净额,除以日变动费用(即随着商品的储存时间增加而增加开支的费用,如保管费、商品资金占用利息支出等,称日变动费用)求得。按以上同样方法计算,把毛利净额再减掉拟要实现的目标经营利润之后的余额,除以日变动费用,即可求得保利期天数。
预测商品保本保利期的历史或现实数据资料,应由企业财会、物价、业务、储运等有关部门提供。固定费用和日变动费用所包括的具体内容,各经营单位可视情况确定。
当新进商品与库存中原有同一种商品的有关测算因素有较大变动时,要根据变动以后的数据重新预测保本保利期天数。
商品保本保利期的预测工作,一般由财会部门提出方法,业务部门具体预测。但由于商业企业类型多,内部机构设置不一,应由哪一部门,哪些人员预测,可由企业经理统一安排。
凡是已经应用电子计算机参与企业管理的单位,可根据需要对所经营的全部商品或部分商品逐个品种预测其保本保利期。
此外,为了更好地把好进货关,还可根据测算出的某种商品保本保利期天数,预测该商品的日库存限额(按先求出月商品实际销售进价值除以30天,再乘以保本或保利期天数)或该商品的库存限量(按先求出日销售数量再乘以保本储存期天数,或保利储存期天数)。同时也可以预测出该种商品的周转次数(年周转次数按360天除以商品保本或保利期天数,季、月则分别按90天或30天,以相同方法计算)。预测的库存限额或库存限量是作为把好进货关的辅助参考。预测的周转次数,可作为检查考核保本或保利期执行情况的一项指标。预测出商品保本保利期以后,是否还要测算这两项指标,由企业根据需要决定。
(二)对预测结果的记载反映
企业对测算出的商品保本保利期天数,要在有关凭证帐表上记载反映。按品种测算的,一般要在商品三级帐或保管帐上记载反映;按商品大类测算的,可在商品分大类的二级帐上记载反映预测的商品周转次数等。记载内容要包括能够反映出商品保本保利期方面的有关指标。另外,各企业也可根据情况选用其他方式记载反映。
此外,保管部门还可在商品货位上,对保本保利期内和超保本保利期的商品分别采取挂牌等办法加以表示。
(三)执行情况的考核与反馈
企业内部有关部门要根据记载的商品保本保利期情况,考核检查其执行情况。经管商品帐和保管商品的部门,对库存中已超保本期和超保利期商品的情况,要及时反馈给企业领导和业务等有关部门,以便采取措施。
三、企业内部的职责分工
企业试行商品保本保利期管理,是企业的业务、财会、物价、统计、储运等部门的共同任务,不是由哪一个部门所能单独完成的。各部门间必须密切协作,互相配合。为此,要在经理领导下,明确企业内部各个部门的职责分工:
1.进货部门在制订商品购进计划时,要预测商品保本保利期和参考库存的现状,确定购进哪些商品,从哪里购进,购进多少。在实际购进某种商品时,如其进价、进货地点等已有变动,则必须重新测算这些商品的保本保利期,并结合市场信息等其他情况择优、择近、省时、省耗,严格把好进货关。
2.负责推销商品的业务部门,要在商品保本保利期限内积极地把商品推销出去;同时注意研究超保本期商品积压滞销的原因,除有针对性地采取措施积极推销外,并要将商品质量、市场变化等情况反馈给进货部门。
3.保管部门要掌握所保管商品的保本保利储存期限,并在管理上做到心中有数。定期检查商品保本保利期的执行情况,向有关部门反映库存超保本或超保利期商品的情况,督促企业领导和有关部门及时提出处理方案。
4.物价部门要负责提供测算商品保本保利期方面的价格资料,审查进销价格,注意研究商品进销价格变化对商品保本保利期的影响;发现商品的购进价格过高,但销售价格已定,不利经营时,要商同供货单位调整进价。对于企业有权浮动销售价格的商品,要结合预测保本保利期确定其浮动的幅度。此外,还要会同有关部门研究确定超保本期商品的销售价格。
5.财会部门要向有关部门提供预测商品保本保利期的数据资料;负责对预测商品保本保利期方法的指导,负责根据历史资料匡算商品的固定费用率(指固定费用额占商品销售额的百分比)、日变动费用率(指日变动费用额占商品销售额的百分比),还要定期对企业制定的计划经济效果指标,如进销额、实现利润额、上缴国家的税利额、费用水平、资金周转次数等的完成情况进行综合考核。
企业经理要将商品保本保利期执行情况作为制定经营决策的重要依据,要定期检查执行情况,督促有关部门对超保本期或超保利期商品的及时处理。
鉴于各个企业机构设置有所不同,对部门间的职责划分也可参照上述精神作具体规定。
四、纳入经营责任制,促进办法的推行
要使企业实行商品保本保利期的管理坚持下去,形成一项经常性的管理制度,在经营活动中自觉执行,必须同经营责任制相结合,把对有关人员的职责要求纳入经营责任制的范围,建立必要的考核检查制度,同奖惩挂钩,调动广大职工的积极性。在考核企业的经济效益指标中增加能够反映有关这一办法执行情况的指标,如超保本期商品占库存商品的比重,库存中实际保本商品品种率,库存结构合理率等。对盲目采购或在采购中谋取私利,造成损失的必须追究责任。做到各类人员职责分明,有检查、有考核,逐步形成企业的一项基本管理制度。
五、积极创造条件应用电子计算机
企业实行商品保本保利期管理若按逐个品种测算其保本保利期,工作量大,全部靠手工难以完成。因此,要充分发挥商品保本保利期管理的作用,就要积极创造条件,充分应用电子计算机。企业要根据需要和可能,积极想办法配备机器和培训技术力量,同时,要努力创造条件,使保本保利期的预测、记载反映、考核检查等环节的工作规范化,为尽快实现运用计算机参与企业管理打下基础。
已有计算机的单位,则要积极开发商品保本保利期管理的应用程序,充分发挥其省力、快捷的独特功能,以推动和巩固保本保利期管理办法的更好推行。
六、开展技术培训
为了便于企业领导、企业内部各有关部门掌握应用商品保本保利期管理办法,要对企业的采购、供应、保管、财会、统计、物价等有关经营管理人员进行培训,使他们掌握商品保本保利期管理的基本原理、基本预测方法和在实际工作中懂得如何运用。在培训方法上,可以企业自我培训为主,采取短期集中培训,办短期培训班,或采取巡回辅导,由企业领导和比较熟悉这项工作的有关人员结合实例讲课的办法。没有自我培训条件的单位,可由上级主管单位或当地商业行政部门负责这项工作。
七、各省、自治区、直辖市和计划单列市(区)商委、商业厅局可根据本地区的实际情况,结合本办法制定具体实施细则。

附:商品保本保利期计算公式
预测商品保本保利期天数的计算公式有两种:一种是按有关绝对额计算求得;一种是按相对数(即率)计算求得。
(一)按有关绝对额计算的公式如下
毛利额-销售税金-固定费用
某种商品保本期天数=----------------
日变动费用
毛利额-销售税金-固定费用-目标经营利润
某种商品保利期天数=-----------------------
日变动费用
(二)按有关率计算的公式如下
毛利率-销售税金率-固定费用率
某种商品保本期天数=------------------
日变动费用率
毛利率-销售税金率-固定费用率-目标经营利润率
某种商品保利期天数=-------------------------
日变动费用率
(三)项目说明
1.固定费用一般指不随着商品储存期长短的变动而变动的费用。例如,进货时支付的运杂费;
2.毛利率指某种商品的毛利额(即商品进销差价)占该商品销售额的百分比;
3.销售税金率指销售某种商品按规定向国家缴纳的营业税等各种税款占该种商品销售额的百分比;
4.固定费用率一般指某种商品购进后发生的或应摊入的固定费用额占商品销售额的百分比;
5.日变动费用率一般指某种商品每储存一天占用贷款支付的利息和开支的保管费占商品销售额的百分比。
以上,就一个企业来说,采取哪种算法和预测的粗细程度,以及固定、变动费用包括的内容,均由企业视情况而定。


中华人民共和国营业税暂行条例实施细则(附英文)

财政部


中华人民共和国营业税暂行条例实施细则(附英文)

1993年12月25日,财政部

细则
第一条 根据《中华人民共和国营业税暂行条例》(以下简称条例)第十六条的规定制定本细则。
第二条 条例第一条所称应税劳务是指属于交通运输业、建筑业、金融保险业、邮电通信业、文化体育业、娱乐业、服务业税目征收范围的劳务。
加工和修理、修配,不属于条例所称应税劳务(以下简称非应税劳务)。
第三条 条例第五条第(五)项所称外汇、有价证券、期货买卖业务,是指金融机构(包括银行和非银行金融机构)从事的外汇、有价证券、期货买卖业务。非金融机构和个人买卖外汇、有价证券或期货,不征收营业税。
条例第五条第(五)项所称期货,是指非货物期货。货物期货不征收营业税。
第四条 条例第一条所称提供应税劳务、转让无形资产或销售不动产,是指有偿提供应税劳务、有偿转让无形资产或者有偿转让不动产所有权的行为(以下简称应税行为)。但单位或个体经营者聘用的员工为本单位或雇主提供应税劳务,不包括在内。
前款所称有偿,包括取得货币、货物或其他经济利益。
单位或个人自己新建(以下简称自建)建筑物后销售,其自建行为视同提供应税劳务。

转让不动产有限产权或永久使用权,以及单位将不动产无偿赠与他人,视同销售不动产。
第五条 一项销售行为如果既涉及应税劳务又涉及货物,为混合销售行为。从事货物的生产、批发或零售的企业、企业性单位及个体经营者的混合销售行为,视为销售货物,不征收营业税;其他单位和个人的混合销售行为,视为提供应税劳务,应当征收营业税。
纳税人的销售行为是否属于混合销售行为,由国家税务总局所属征收机关确定。
第一款所称货物,是指有形动产,包括电力、热力、气体在内。
第一款所称从事货物的生产、批发或零售的企业、企业性单位及个体经营者,包括以从事货物的生产、批发或零售为主,并兼营应税劳务的企业、企业性单位及个体经营者在内。

第六条 纳税人兼营应税劳务与货物或非应税劳务的,应分别核算应税劳务的营业额和货物或者非应税劳务的销售额。不分别核算或者不能准确核算的,其应税劳务与货物或者非应税劳务一并征收增值税,不征收营业税。
纳税人兼营的应税劳务是否应当一并征收增值税,由国家税务总局所属征收机关确定。

第七条 除本细则第八条另有规定外,有下列情形之一者,为条例第一条所称在中华人民共和国境内(以下简称境内)提供应税劳务、转让无形资产或者销售不动产:
(一)所提供的劳务发生在境内;
(二)在境内载运旅客或货物出境;
(三)在境内组织旅客出境旅游;
(四)所转让的无形资产在境内使用;
(五)所销售的不动产在境内。
第八条 有下列情形之一者,为在境内提供保险劳务:
(一)境内保险机构提供的保险劳务,但境内保险机构为出口货物提供保险除外;
(二)境外保险机构以在境内的物品为标的提供的保险劳务。
第九条 条例第一条所称单位,是指国有企业、集体企业、私有企业、股份制企业、其他企业和行政单位、事业单位、军事单位、社会团体及其他单位。
条例第一条所称个人,是指个体工商户及其他有经营行为的个人。
第十条 企业租赁或承包给他人经营的,以承租人或承包人为纳税人。
第十一条 除本细则第十二条另有规定外,负有营业税纳税义务的单位为发生应税行为并向对方收取货币、货物或其他经济利益的单位,包括独立核算的单位和不独立核算的单位。
第十二条 中央铁路运营业务的纳税人为铁道部,合资铁路运营业务的纳税人为合资铁路公司,地方铁路运营业务的纳税人为地方铁路管理机构,基建临管线运营业务的纳税人为基建临管线管理机构。
从事水路运输、航空运输、管道运输或其他陆路运输业务并负有营业税纳税义务的单位,为从事运输业务并计算盈亏的单位。
第十三条 立法机关、司法机关、行政机关的收费,同时具备下列条件的,不征收营业税:
(一)国务院、省级人民政府或其所属财政、物价部门以正式文件允许收费,而且收费标准符合文件规定的;
(二)所收费用由立法机关、司法机关、行政机关自己直接收取的。
第十四条 条例第五条所称价外费用,包括向对方收取的手续费、基金、集资费、代收款项、代垫款项及其他各种性质的价外收费。
凡价外费用,无论会计制度规定如何核算,均应并入营业额计算应纳税额。
第十五条 纳税人提供应税劳务、转让无形资产或销售不动产价格明显偏低而无正当理由的,主管税务机关有权按下列顺序核定其营业额:
(一)按纳税人当月提供的同类应税劳务或者销售的同类不动产的平均价格核定。
(二)按纳税人最近时期提供的同类应税劳务或者销售的同类不动产的平均价格核定。

(三)按下列公式核定计税价格:
计税价格=营业成本或工程成本×(1+成本利润率)÷(1-营业税税率)
上列公式中的成本利润率,由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府所属税务机关确定。
第十六条 根据条例第四条的规定,纳税人按外汇结算营业额的,其营业额的人民币折合率可以选择营业额发生的当天或当月1日的国家外汇牌价(原则上为中间价)。但金融保险企业营业额的人民币折合率为上年度决算报表确定的汇率。
纳税人应在事先确定选择采用何种折合率,确定后一年内不得变更。
第十七条 运输企业从事联运业务的营业额为其实际取得的营业额。
条例第五条第六项中所称的其他情形,包括旅游企业组织旅游团在中国境内旅游的,以收取的旅游费减去替旅游者支付给其他单位的房费、餐费、交通、门票和其他代付费用后的余额营业额。
第十八条 纳税人从事建筑、修缮、装饰工程作业,无论与对方如何结算,其营业额均应包括工程所用原材料及其他物资和动力的价款在内。
纳税人从事安装工程作业,凡所安装的设备的价值作为安装工程产值的,其营业额应包括设备的价款在内。
第十九条 本细则第四条所称自建行为的营业额,比照本细则第十五条的规定确定。

第二十条 条例第五条第(四)项所称转贷业务,是指将借入的资金贷与他人使用的业务。将吸收的单位或者个人的存款或者自有资本金贷与他人使用的业务,不属于转贷业务。
第二十一条 保险业实行分保险的,初保业务以全部保费收入减去付给分保人的保费后的余额为营业额。
第二十二条 单位或个人进行演出,以全部票价收入或者包场收入减去付给提供演出场所的单位、演出公司或者经纪人的费用后的余额为营业额。
第二十三条 娱乐业的营业额为经营娱乐业向顾客收取的各项费用,包括门票收费、台位费、点歌费、烟酒和饮料收费及经营娱乐业的其他各项收费。
第二十四条 旅游业务,以全部收费减去为旅游者付给其他单位的食、宿和交通费用后的余额为营业额。
旅游企业组织旅客在境内旅游,改由其他旅游企业接团的,其销售额比照条例第五条第(二)项规定确定。
第二十五条 单位将不动产无偿赠与他人,其营业额比照本细则第十五条的规定确定。
第二十六条 条例第六条规定的部分免税项目的范围,限定如下:
(一)第一款第(二)项所称残疾人员个人提供的劳务,是指残疾人员本人为社会提供的劳务。
(二)第一款第(三)项所称医院、诊所、其他医疗机构提供的医疗服务,是指对患者进行诊断、治疗和防疫、接生、计划生育方面的服务,以及与这些服务有关的提供药品、医疗用具、病房住宿和伙食的业务。
(三)第一款第(四)项所称学校及其他教育机构,是指普通学校以及经地、市级以上人民政府或者同级政府的教育行政部门批准成立、国家承认其学员学历的各类学校。
(四)第一款第(五)项所称农业机耕,是指在农业、林业、牧业中使用农业机械进行耕作(包括耕耘、种植、收割、脱粒、植保等)的业务。
排灌,是指对农田进行灌溉或排涝的业务。
病虫害防治,是指从事农业、林业、牧业、渔业的病虫害测报和防治的业务。
农牧保险,是指为种植业、养殖业、牧业种植和饲养的动植物提供保险的业务。
相关技术培训,是指与农业机耕、排灌、病虫害防治、植保业务相关以及为使农民获得农牧保险知识的技术培训业务。
家禽、牲畜、水生动物的配种和疾病防治业务的免税范围,包括与该项劳务有关的提供药品和医疗用具的业务。
(五)第一款第(六)项所称纪念馆、博物馆、文化馆、美术馆、展览馆、书(画)院、图书馆、文物保护单位举办文化活动,是指这些单位在自己的场所举办的属于文化体育业税目征税范围的文化活动。其售票收入,是指销售第一道门票的收入。
宗教场所举办文化、宗教活动的售票收入,是指寺庙、宫观、清真寺和教堂举办文化、宗教活动销售门票的收入。
第二十七条 条例第十七条所称营业税起征点的适用范围限于个人。
营业税起征点的幅度规定如下:
按期纳税的起征点为月营业额200—800元;
按次纳税的起征点为每次(日)营业额50元;
纳税人营业额达到起征点的,应按营业额全额计算应纳税额。
省、自治区、直辖市人民政府所属税务机关应在规定的幅度内,根据实际情况确定本地区适用的起征点,并报国家税务总局备案。
第二十八条 纳税人转让土地使用权或者销售不动产,采用预收款方式的,其纳税义务发生时间为收到预收款的当天。
纳税人有本细则第四条所称自建行为的,其自建行为的纳税义务发生时间,为其销售自建建筑物并收讫营业额或者取得索取营业额的凭据的当天。
纳税人将不动产无偿赠与他人,其纳税义务发生时间为不动产所有权转移的当天。
第二十九条 条例第十一条所称其他扣缴义务人规定如下:
(一)境外单位或者个人在境内发生应税行为而在境内未设有经营机构的,其应纳税款以代理者为扣缴义务人;没有代理者的,以受让者或者购买者为扣缴义务人。
(二)单位或者个人进行演出由他人售票的,其应纳税款以售票者为扣缴义务人。
(三)演出经纪人为个人的,其办理演出业务的应纳税款以售票者为扣缴义务人。
(四)分保险业务,以初保人为扣缴义务人。
(五)个人转让条例第十二条第(二)项所称其他无形资产的,其应纳税款以受让者为扣缴义务人。
第三十条 纳税人提供的应税劳务发生在外县(市),应向劳务发生地主管税务机关申报纳税而未申报纳税的,由其机构所在地或者居住地主管税务机关补征税款。
第三十一条 纳税人承包的工程跨省、自治区、直辖市的,向其机构所在地主管税务机关申报纳税。
第三十二条 纳税人在本省、自治区、直辖市范围内发生应税行为,其纳税地点需要调整的,由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府所属税务机关确定。
第三十三条 金融业(不包括典当业)的纳税期限为一个季度。
保险业的纳税期限为一个月。
第三十四条 本细则所称“以上”、“以下”,均含本数或本级。
第三十五条 本细则由财政部解释,或者由国家税务总局解释。
第三十六条 本细则从条例施行之日起实施。1984年9月28日财政部颁发的《中华人民共和国营业税条例(草案)实施细则》同时废止。

DETAILED RULE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROVISIONAL REGULATIONOF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON BUSINESS TAX

(Ministry of Finance: 25 December 1993)

Whole Doc.
Article 1
These Detailed Rules are formulated in accordance with the
stipulations of Article 16 of Republic of China on Business Tax> (hereinafter referred to as the
'Regulations').
Article 2
"Taxable services" as mentioned in Article 1 of the Regulations
refers to services within the scope of taxable items in the communications
and transportation, construction, finance and insurance, posts and
telecommunications, culture and sports, entertainment and service
industries.
Processing, repair and replacement are not taxable services as
mentioned in the Regulations (hereinafter referred to as 'non- taxable
services').
Article 3
"The foreign exchange, marketable securities and futures buying and
selling business" as mentioned in Item 5 of Article 5 of the Regulations
refers to the foreign exchange, marketable securities and futures buying
and selling business carried on by financial institutions (including banks
and non-bank financial institutions). The buying and selling of foreign
exchange, marketable securities or futures by non-financial institutions
or individuals shall not be subject to Business Tax.
"Futures" as mentioned in Item 5 of Article 5 of the Regulations
refer to non-commodities futures. Futures on commodities shall not be
subject to Business Tax.
Article 4
"Provision of taxable services, transfer of intangible assets or the
sale of immovable properties" as mentioned in Article 1 of the Regulations
refers to activities of providing taxable services, transferring
intangible assets or ownership of immovable properties with consideration
(hereinafter referred to as the 'taxable activities'). However, taxable
services provided by the staff employed by units or individual operators
to their own units or employers shall not be included therein.
The term "with consideration" in the preceding paragraph includes
receipt of currency, goods and other economic benefits.
For units or individuals that sell their newly self- constructed
buildings (hereinafter referred to as 'self- construction'), their
self-construction activities shall be regarded as provision of taxable
services.
Transfers of limited property rights, or permanent rights, to use
immovable properties, and transfers by units of immovable properties by
way of gifts to others shall be regarded as sales of immovable properties.
Article 5
A sales activity that involves both taxable services and goods is
deemed to be a mixed sales activity. Mixed sales activities of
enterprises, enterprise units or individual business operators engaged in
production, wholesale or retail of goods shall be classified as sales of
goods, and Business Tax shall not be levied on the sales; mixed sales
activities of other units and individuals shall be classified as provision
of taxable services, and Business Tax shall be levied on the sales.
Whether taxpayers' sales activities are mixed sales activities shall
be determined by the collection authorities under the State Administration
of Taxation.
"Goods" as mentioned in Paragraph 1 refers to tangible moveable
goods, including electricity, heat and gas.
"Enterprises, enterprise units or individual business operators
engaged in the production, wholesale and retail of goods" as mentioned in
Paragraph 1 include enterprises, units with an enterprise nature and
individual business operators engaged principally in the production,
wholesale and retail of goods, and also engaged in taxable services.
Article 6
For taxpayers engaged in both taxable services and the sales of goods
or non-taxable services, the sales amount of taxable services and the
sales amount of goods or non-taxable services shall be accounted for
separately. For taxpayers that have not accounted for separately or cannot
account for accurately, the taxable services and goods and non-taxable
services shall together be subject to Value Added Tax, and Business Tax
shall not be levied.
Whether the taxable services engaged concurrently by taxpayers are
together subject to Value Added Tax, this tax shall be determined by the
collection authorities under the State Administration of Taxation.
Article 7
Except as otherwise stipulated in Article 8 of these Detailed Rules,
any one of the following activities shall be regarded as provision of
taxable services, transfer of intangible assets or sale of immovable
properties within the territory of the People's Republic of China
(hereinafter referred to as 'within the territory') as mentioned in
Article 1 of the Regulations:
(1) Provision of services occurs within the territory;
(2) Transportation from within the territory of passengers or cargos
to outside the territory;
(3) Organization of tourist groups within the territory to travel
outside the territory;
(4) Transfer of intangible assets to be used within the territory.
(5) Sales of immovable properties located within the territory
Article 8
Any one of the following situations shall be providing insurance
services within the territory:
(1) Insurance services provided by insurance organizations within the
territory, except for insurance provided for export goods by insurance
organizations within the territory.
(2) Insurance services provided by insurance organizations outside
the territory in relation to goods within the territory.
Article 9
"Units" as mentioned in Article 1 of the Regulations refers to
State-owned enterprises, collectively owned enterprises, private
enterprises, joint stock enterprises, other enterprises and administrative
units, institutions, military units, social groups and other units.
"Individuals" as mentioned in Article 1 of the Regulations refers to
individual industrial or commercial households and other individuals that
have business activities.
Article 10
For enterprises which lease or contract to other to operate, the
lessees or sub-contractors shall be the taxpayer.
Article 11
Except otherwise stipulated in Article 12 of these Detailed Rules,
units that are liable to Business Tax shall be those that have taxable
activities and receive money, goods or other economic benefits from the
other parties. They shall include units both with and without independent
accounting.
Article 12
The taxpayer for the business of central railway transportation shall
be the Ministry of Railways. The taxpayers for the business of
Sino-foreign equity joint venture railway transportation shall be the
joint venture railway companies. The taxpayers for the business of local
railway transportation shall be the local organization for railway
administration. The taxpayers for the business of provisional
administration for infrastructural route transportation shall be the
organization for provisional administration for infrastructural routes.
Units engaged in the business of waterway, air, pipeline and other
land transportation liable to Business Tax shall be those units engaged in
transportation business and accountable for profit or loss.
Article 13
Charges of legislative, judicial and administrative authorities that
meet the following conditions shall not be subject to Business Tax;
(1) Charges which are permitted under official documents by the State
Council, provincial People's governments, or the finance or pricing
departments thereunder, and where the charging standard is in accordance
with the stipulations of the documents.
(2) Charges which are collected directly by the legislative, judicial
and administrative authorities themselves.
Article 14
"Other charges" as mentioned in Article 5 of the Regulations shall
include handing fees, funds, fund raising fees, receipts on behalf,
payment on behalf and other charges of every nature received from other
parties.
All other charges shall be included in the turnover in computing the
tax payable regardless of the treatments applicable according to the
stipulations of the accounting policies.
Article 15
Where the prices of the taxpayers providing taxable services,
transferring intangible assets or selling immovable properties are
obviously low and without proper justification, the competent tax
authorities shall have the right to determine the turnover according to
the following sequence:
(1) Determined according to the average prices of similar services
provided or similar immovable properties sold by the taxpayers in the same
month.
(2) Determined according to the average prices of similar services
provided or similar immovable properties sold by the taxpayers in the most
recent period.
(3) Determined according to the following formula:
Assessable Operating (1 + the cost plus margin rate)
value = costs or X -------------------------------
Project costs (1 - Business Tax rate)
The cost-plus margin rate in the above formula shall be determined by
the tax authorities under the People's governments of the provinces,
autonomous regions and municipalities.
Article 16
In accordance with the stipulations of Article 4 of the Regulations,
taxpayers settling the turnover in foreign currencies can select to
convert the turnover into Renminbi according to the exchange rate quoted
by the State of either the date the turnover occurs or on the first date
of the month (the average rate in principle). However, the Renminbi
conversion rate for the turnover of financial and insurance enterprises
shall be the exchange rate ascertained in the prior year's financial
statements.
Taxpayers shall decide in advance the conversion rate selected. Once
selected, it cannot be changed within one year.
Article 17
Turnover of transportation enterprises engaged in through transport
business shall be the turnover actually received.
"Other situations" as mentioned in Item 6 of Article 5 of the
Regulations include tourist enterprises organising tourist groups to
travel within the territory of China. The turnover shall be the balance
of tourist fees received after deduction of room charges, meal charges,
transportation, admission fees and other charges paid to other units on
behalf of the tourists.
Article 18
For taxpayers engaged in construction, repair and decoration project
operations, their turnover shall include the prices of raw materials,
other materials and energy used in the projects irrespective of the method
in which the accounts are settled with the other parties.
For taxpayers engaged in installation project operations, as far as
the price of the equipment installed is taken as part of installation
project sum, their turnover shall include the price of the equipment.
Article 19
The turnover of self-construction activities as mentioned in Article
4 of these Detailed Rules shall be determined with reference to the
stipulations of Article 15 of these Detailed Rules.
Article 20
"Re-lending business" as mentioned in Item (4) of Article 5 of the
Regulations refers to the business of lending to others the funds
borrowed. Lending to others with the funds from deposits taken from units
or individuals and the funds from lender's own capital contributions shall
not be regarded as relenting business.
Article 21
For insurance business that reinsures with other parties, the
turnover of the initial insurance business shall be the total insurance
premiums after deduction of the premiums paid to the reinsurers.
Article 22
For entertainment performances by units or individuals, the turnover
shall be the total box-office proceeds or block-booking proceeds after
deduction of the payments to units providing performance venues,
entertainment companies and managers.
Article 23
Turnover of the entertainment business shall be the various charges
collected from customers in the entertainment business operations,
including box-office receipts, on-stage fees, song dedication fees,
charges on cigarettes and drinks, and other charges in the entertainment
business operations.
Article 24
For travel business, the turnover shall be the balance of total
charges after deduction of payments to other units for meals, lodging and
transportation for the tourists.
For travel enterprises that organise tours within the territory and
then hand over the groups to other travel enterprises, the turnover shall
be determined with reference to the stipulations of Item 2 of Article 5 of
the Regulations.
Article 25
For units giving immovable properties to others as free gift, the
turnover shall be determined with reference to the stipulations of Article
15 of these Detailed Rules.
Article 26
The scope of the tax-exempt items as stipulated in Article 6 of the
Regulations shall be defined as follows:
(1) "Personal services provided on individual basis by the disabled"
as mentioned in Paragraph 1, Item 2 refers to services provided to the
Public by the disabled individual.
(2) "Medical services provided by hospitals, clinics and other
medical institutions" as mentioned in Paragraph 1, Item 3 refers to such
services as diagnosis and treatment to patients, epidemic prevention,
child delivery and family planning, as well as the business of providing
medicine, medical apparatus, hospital lodging and meals in relation to
these services.
(3) "Schools and other educational institutions" as mentioned in
Paragraph 1, Item 4 refers to ordinary schools and schools of various
kinds approved to be established by the People's governments above the
prefecture and city levels or departments for educational administration
under governments of the same level and where the academic qualifications
of their students are recognized by the State.
(4) "Agricultural mechanical ploughing" as mentioned in Paragraph 1,
Item 5 refers to the business of farming operations applying agricultural
machinery in farming, forestry and husbandry (including ploughing,
planting, harvesting, threshing and plant protection).
"Irrigation and drainage" refers to the business of irrigation and
drainage of farmland.
"Prevention and treatment of diseases and insect pests" refers to the
business of forecast, prevention and treatment of diseases and insect
pests for farming, forestry, husbandry and fishery.
"Insurance for farming and husbandry" refers to the business of
providing insurance to animals and plants grown and raised in planting,
breeding and husbandry.
"Related technical training" refers to technical training services
related to the business of agricultural mechanical ploughing, irrigation
and drainage, prevention and treatment of diseases and insect pests, and
plant protection, as well as services to enable the farmers to obtain
knowledge of insurance for farming and husbandry.
The scope of the tax exemption for the breeding and the prevention
and treatment of diseases of poultry, livestock and aquatic animals
includes the business of providing medicine and medical apparatus in
relation to those services.
(5) "Cultural activities conducted by memorial hall, museum, cultural
centre, art gallery, exhibition hall, academy of painting and calligraphy,
library and cultural protective units" as mentioned in Paragraph 1, Item 6
refers to cultural activities that fall within the taxable scope of
taxable items under culture and sports activities conducted by those units
in their own locations. The admission fees refers to the box-office
receipts on the sales at the first entrance.
"Admission fees for cultural and religious activities conducted at
places of religious worship" refers to cultural and religious activities
held by temples, Taoist temples, mosques and churches.
Article 27
The application of the Business Tax minimum threshold as mentioned in
Article 8 of the Regulations shall be limited to individuals.
Ranges for the Business Tax minimum threshold are as follows:
For those assessable on a period basis, the Business Tax minimum
threshold shall be a monthly turnover of 200-800 yuan.
For those assessable on a transaction basis, the Business Tax minimum
threshold shall be turnover of 50 yuan per transaction (or per day).
Taxpayers whose turnovers reach the minimum threshold shall compute
the tax payable based on the total turnover.
The tax authorities under the People's governments of provinces,
autonomous regions and municipalities shall determine the minimum
threshold locally applicable within the prescribed ranges and in
accordance with the actual conditions, and shall report the amounts to the
State Administration of Taxation for their records.
Article 28
For taxpayers transferring land use rights or selling immovable
properties that accept receipts in advance, the timing at which the tax
liability arises shall be the date on which the advance receipts are
received.
For taxpayers that have self-construction activities as mentioned in
Article 4 of these Detailed Rules, the timing at which the tax liability
arises on the self-construction activities shall be the date on which the
self-constructed buildings are sold and the turnovers are received or the
documented evidence of the right to collect the sales sum is obtained.
For taxpayer giving immovable properties to others as free gift, the
timing at which the tax liability arises shall be the date on which the
titles of the immovable properties are transferred.
Article 29
Other withholding agents as mentioned in Article 11 of the
Regulations are defined as follows:
(1) For overseas units or individuals that have taxable activities
within the territory but have not set up any establishment within the
territory, the agents shall be the withholding agents for their tax
payable. If there are no agents, the transferees and the purchasers shall
be the withholding agents.
(2) For units or individuals that present performances where the
tickets are sold by others, the ticket sellers shall be the withholding
agents for their tax payable.
(3) For individual performance managers, the ticket sellers shall be
the withholding agents on their tax payable on the performance management
business.
(4) For reinsurance business, the initial insurers shall be the
withholding agents.
(5) For individuals transferring other intangible assets as mentioned
in Item 2, Article 12 of the Regulations, the transferees shall be the
withholding agents for their tax payable.
Article 30
For taxpayers providing taxable services that take place in a
different county (or city) that should report and pay tax with the
competent tax authorities where the services taken place but have not
reported or paid the tax, the competent tax authorities where the
establishments are located or where the individuals reside shall collect
the overdue tax.
Article 31
Taxpayers with contracted projects extending across provinces,
autonomous regions and municipalities shall report and pay tax to the
competent tax authorities where the establishments are located.
Article 32
For taxpayers that have taxable activities within the area of their
own province, autonomous region and municipality, and need to change the
tax payment location, the location shall be determined by tax authorities
under the People's governments of the province, autonomous region or
municipality.
Article 33
The assessable period for the financial industry (excluding
pawn-broking) shall be one quarter of a year.
The assessable period for the insurance industry shall be one month.
Article 34
The terms "above" and "below" as mentioned in these Detailed Rules
also include the figure or level itself.
Article 35
These Detailed Rules shall be interpreted by the Ministry of Finance
or by the State Administration of Taxation.
Article 36
These Detailed Rules shall be implemented on the same day the
Regulations are come into effect. The the Implementation of the Draft Regulations of the People's Republic of
China on Business Tax> promulgated on September 28, 1984 shall be repealed
on the same date.


国家药品监督管理局培训管理暂行办法

国家药监局


国家药品监督管理局培训管理暂行办法
国家药品监督管理局


(1999年8月6日局务会讨论通过)

第一章 总则
第一条 为履行国务院赋予的药品行政执法监督职能,建设一支依法监督、科学公正、廉洁高效、行为规范的药品监督管理队伍,加强和规范培训工作,根据《国家公务员暂行条例》和《药品监督员管理办法》,制定本办法。
第二条 培训工作以邓小平理论为指导,坚持理论联系实际,按需施教,讲求实效的原则,根据药品监督管理和经济社会发展需要,按照药品执法监督岗位的职责要求,有组织、有计划地实施。

第二章 培训对象与内容
第三条 培训包括公务员培训、药品监督员培训、药检人员培训以及其他相关人员的培训。
第四条 培训内容一般分为专业知识、综合技能和公共知识。专业知识指从事药品执法监督管理工作必须掌握的知识;综合技能指与药品监督管理相关的技能;公共知识指与药品监督管理相关的其他知识。

第三章 培训管理
第五条 国家药品监督管理局培训工作由人事教育司主管。局机关各司室按“三定”职能负责主办省级相关人员专项业务培训。
第六条 培训工作实行计划申报制度。局机关“各司室于每年十二月十日前将下一年度人员培训计划报送局主管部门(见附表一),经审核后,正式下达国家药品监督管理局年度培训计划,列入计划的方可执行。计划外的按程序审批。
第七条 局机关各司室主办的面向药品研究、生产、流通、使用领域人员的培训计划及中国药品生物制品检定所主办的省级药检部门人员的培训计划须报局主管领导审核批准,并报局主管部门备案(见附表二)。各司室须对委托培训单位和培训内容严格审查、把关,确保培训效果。
第八条 局主管部门须正式行文下达年度培训计划,并于每年的第一季度在《中国医药报》和《中国药事》上公告国家药品监督管理局年度培训计划和局机关各司室主办的面向药品研究、生产、流通、使用领域的人员培训计划。
第九条 局机关各司室于每年一月十日前将上一年度主办的培训情况以书面的形式报局主管部门。
第十条 公务员的培训成绩和鉴定将记入公务员培训档案(见附表三),作为考核、任免和职位调整的依据之一。国家级药品监督员的培训成绩和鉴定作为资格确认和任免的依据之一。
第十一条 公务员、国家级药品监督员以及药检部门人员按规定参加培训的,培训期间的工资和各项福利待遇与在职人员相同。
第十二条 公务员外出授课须填写公务员外出授课审批表(见附表四),由上一级领导批准,并报局主管部门备案。各司室领导须对本司室人员外出授课的内容及范围严格审核、把关。
第十三条 局里委派授课任务的,由局主管部门通知相关业务司室,并按第十二条公务员外出授课审批程序办理有关审批手续。

第四章 培训职责
第十四条 人事教育司的职责:
(一)制定国家药品监督管理局公务员培训规划和年度培训计划并组织实施。
(二)审核并公布局机关各司室报送的年度培训计划,统一协调、并督促、检查落实情况。
(三)落实局党组关于局机关司级以上领导干部、各直属单位领导班子成员及各省、自治区、直辖市药品监督管理局领导班子成员的培训计划。
(四)归口管理国家药品监督管理局执法监督队伍培训大纲及教材。
第十五条 机关各司室的职责:
(一)人事教育司和市场监督司共同制定国家级药品监督员培训规划和年度培训计划并组织实施;
(二)各司室根据其职能制定本司室人员和省级相关人员专项业务年度培训计划并负责组织实施。
(三)各司室在确保完成各省局级相关人员的培训任务外,可根据工作需要,主办从事药品研究、生产、流通、使用领域有关人员的专项业务培训,此类培训不列入国家药品监督管理局年度培训计划,由各司室负责安排。
(四)国际合作司负责联络国外的培训项目,提出方案,会同业务主管部门实施。
(五)各司室负责编写本司室主管的业务培训范围的培训大纲和培训教材。
第十六条 国家药品监督管理局培训中心作为国家药品监督管理局的培训基地,承担局机关各司室列入年度计划的培训任务。
第十七条 中国药品生物制品检定所负责各省、自治区、直辖市药检部门人员的培训,编写培训大纲和培训教材。
第十八条 各省、自治区、直辖市药品监督管理局和省级药检部门负责省级以下人员培训。

第五章 培训师资
第十九条 专业知识的培训由从事药品监督管理工作或从事医、药教学工作的国内外专家授课。
第二十条 综合技能和公共知识的培训由具有较高理论造诣和实际工作经验的国内外专家授课。
第二十一条 师资的认定工作由培训工作主管部门负责。

第六章 培训经费
第二十二条 经费来源:
(一)国家药品监督管理局列入年度培训计划的专项拨款。
(二)国内外有关单位的资助。
(三)其他方式来源的培训款项。
第二十三条 面向国家药品监督管理局公务员、直属单位和省局级领导班子成员、国家级药品监督员及相关公务员的培训,均须列入国家药品监督管理局年度培训计划,并由国家药品监督管理局专项培训经费支付。由局机关各司室提出经费预算,经局财务主管部门审核,报局领导审批

第二十四条 面向药品研究、生产、流通、使用领域的人员培训计划不列入局经费预算,由主办单位按国家有关规定收取参训人员的培训费。

第七章 附则
第二十五条 本管理办法由国家药品监督管理局负责解释。
第二十六条 本管理办法自印发之日起实施。

附表1:国家药品监督管理局各司室 年培训计划

--------------------------------------------
|主办| | | |各省局 |每班培训| |委托培训| 培训 |
| |培训内容|培训时间|培训人员| | |培训班次| | |
|单位| | | |分配名额|总人数 | | 单位 | 经费 |
|--|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|
| | | | | | | | | |
|--|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|
| | | | | | | | | |
|--|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|
| | | | | | | | | |
--------------------------------------------

附表2:国家药品监督管理局各司室 年培训计划备案表

部门(盖章):
-----------------------------------
|主办| |培训| |每班培训|培训|委托培训| |
| |培训内容| |培训人员| | | | 备注 |
|单位| |时间| |总人数 |班次| 单位 | |
|--|----|--|----|----|--|----|----|
| | | | | | | | |
|--|----|--|----|----|--|----|----|
| | | | | | | | |
|--|----|--|----|----|--|----|----|
| | | | | | | | |
-----------------------------------
注:面向社会人员的培训计划不需报经费预算。

附表3:国家药品监督管理局公务员培训档案

-----------------------------------------------
|姓名| |参加工作时间| |文化程度| | 现任职务 | |
|--|-------------|------|----|----|------|----|
| | | 培训时间 | | | | |
| | 培训内容 | |规定课时|参加课时|培训考评结果|备 注|
| | |(日期天数)| | | | |
| |-------------|------|----|----|------|----|
|学 | | | | | | |
|习 |-------------|------|----|----|------|----|
|培 | | | | | | |
|训 |-------------|------|----|----|------|----|
|记 | | | | | | |
|录 |-------------|------|----|----|------|----|
| | | | | | | |
-----------------------------------------------

附表4:公务员外出授课审批表

---------------------------------
|姓名| |外出日期及天数| |邀请单位| |
|--|----------------------------|
|内容| |
|--|----------------------------|
|地点| |
|--|----------------------------|
| | |
|所在| |
|单位| |
|领导| |
|意见| |
| | |
|--|----------------------------|
| | |
|主管| |
|领导| |
|审批| |
|意见| |
| | |
---------------------------------
注:1、局机关各司室应及时将审批表报人事教育司备案,以便加强对干部的管理。
2、主管领导审批意见一栏须领导签字并加盖部门公章。



1999年8月12日